Introduction: In spite of the fact that acute otitis media is a systemic and symptomatic disease with sever otalgia, otitis media with effusion (OME) is an asymptomatic and silent disease. OME is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss in children and has adverse effects on speech development and cognitive skills. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was designed to determine the prevalence of OME in 1001 children, 3-6 years old in different kindergartens of Kerman. The subjects were evaluated by multi-staged randomized sampling. They were examined by otoscopy and pneumatic otoscopy, then suspicious cases were referred to Kerman Shafa University Hospital for tympanometry and acousticreflex evaluation to confirm the diagnosis. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: Among 1001 children under study, 57 subjects (5.7%) were diagnosed with OME, more than 50% of which were asymptomatic. Periodic otalgia and turning up television volume were the most common symptoms. Conclusion: Regarding the improved knowledge on diagnosis and treatment of OME especially in younger children, hearing problems or cognitive and linguistic skills retardation may be avoided by promoting general information.